Biochars from peanut shell wastes were produced and further modified with KOH and HNO3 to efficiently remove two industrial dyes, Mordant Orange 1 and Green Malachite oxalate, in aqueous systems. The materials were characterized through elemental analysis, N2 adsorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the determination of the point of zero charge, pHPZC. The basic and, particularly, the acid treatments increased the specific surface area by 15 and 43%, respectively, and the pHPZC shifted from 6.2 to 9.1 or 3.3 upon treatments with KOH or HNO3. These modifications impacted the adsorption behavior of the dyes; in the case of Mordant Orange 1, the adsorption capacity increased 2 and 4 times, respectively, when compared with the parent biochar. These results show that the performance of biochars can improve substantially through simple modifications using acid or basic treatments that not only increase the specific surface area but also modify adsorbent/adsorbate interactions.

In this study, a coal fly ash material generated in a Portuguese coal thermal powerplant was tested as a low-cost adsorbent to remove dye molecules. Pre-treatment of the coal fly ash samples was not performed in order to reduce end use cost. Physical and chemical characterization revealed their inert nature and low effects lixiviation in aqueous media. Preliminary adsorption studies include adsorbent quantity, and adsorption kinetics. The adsorption studies focused on Mordant Orange 1 (Mo1) dye, but two other molecules, Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene Blue (MeB) were also included for comparison reasons. The adsorption isotherms were tested with different models including Langmuir, Freundlich and modified Langmuir-Freundlich. The effect of temperature, pH and unburn carbon in the adsorption process were also studied. The results show that adsorption capacity of the coal fly ash occurs mainly due to electroestatic interactions between the adsorbent surface and the adsorbate, which depends on the pH of the aqueous media and the surface chemistry of the material, quantified by the point of zero charge, pHpzc. These joint effects are responsible for the higher retention of Mo1 that is about 16 times higher, when compared to the other two molecules tested.

This study aimed to develop a reliable stability-indicating method (SIM) for amoxicillin 500 mg capsules (DP-drug product). A literature review addressing amoxicillin (AMX; DS-drug substance) forced degradation studies and the existing SIMs was conducted to verify the most significant outcomes. Subsequently, the forced degradation of DP and DS was carried out following the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines, including thermal degradation (dry and wet heat), acidic and alkaline hydrolyses, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, reaction with copper, and photodegradation. Both DS and DP were more susceptible to 0.015 M NaOH, resulting in approximately 50% degradation. AMX DS and DP were not significantly photodegraded, but some degradation products (PDegs) showed susceptibility to light exposure. Thermodegraded samples showing ≥ 10% degradation exhibited modified profiles in thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRPD) of DS samples exposed to dry and wet heat displayed complete amorphization of AMX, attesting to the occurrence of physical degradation concomitantly with chemical degradation, which can alter the drug’s bioavailability. In contrast, the thermodegraded DP samples exhibited intact AMX crystals interspersed with the amorphous form, perhaps partly protected by the excipient. The validated SIM was able to detect and quantify about 80 PDegs.

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the sensitive behaviors of indigenous healthcare professionals based on the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas, to ratify completeness, equity, and humanity. Method: reflective study. Reflection: Studies have identified inadequacies in meeting the indigenous singularities. In the hospital and outpatient settings, they are diluted in the search for care. The difficulty of the professionals to admit them generates conflicts and non-adherence of indigenous individuals to treatments that disregard their care practices. In Lévinas, consciousness requires, "a priori," sensitivity to access the Infinity on the Face of the Other, which in the face-to-face encounters is presented to the Self as radical Alterity, proposing an Ethical relationship through transcendence. The freedom of the Self as to the Other is finite, as the Self cannot possess the Other, and infinite for its responsibility for the Other. Final considerations: The Self builds essence and existence in responsibility. In the Ethics of Alterity, in Lévinas, reflections are proposed that influence sensitive behaviors.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reflejar sobre los comportamientos sensibles de los profesionales en salud indígena desde la filosofía de Emmanuel Lévinas, para ratificar la integralidad, la equidad y la humanidad. Método: Estudio reflexivo. Reflejo: Estudios están identificando inadecuaciones en la atención a las singularidades indígenas. En los escenarios hospitalarios y de ambulatorios, ellas se diluyen en la búsqueda por cuidados. La dificultad de los profesionales en admitirlas genera conflictos y no aceptación de los indígenas a tratamientos que no consideran sus prácticas de cuidado. En Lévinas, la consciencia requiere, "a priori," sensibilidad para acceder el Infinito en el Rostro del Otro, que en los encuentros frente a frente se presenta al Yo como Alteridad radical, proponiendo una relación Ética por la transcendencia. La libertad del Yo cuanto al Otro es finita, porque de él no puede apropiarse, e infinita por su responsabilidad por el Otro. Consideraciones finales: El Yo construye la esencia y la existencia en la responsabilidad. En la Ética de la Alteridad, en Lévinas, se proponen reflejos que influencien los comportamientos sensibles.

RESUMO Objetivo: Refletir sobre os comportamentos sensíveis dos profissionais em saúde indígena a partir da filosofia de Emmanuel Lévinas, para ratificar a integralidade, a equidade e a humanidade. Método: estudo reflexivo. Reflexão: Estudos têm identificado inadequações no atendimento às singularidades indígenas. Nos cenários hospitalar e ambulatorial, elas se diluem na busca por cuidados. A dificuldade dos profissionais em admiti-las gera conflitos e não adesão dos indígenas a tratamentos que desconsideram suas práticas de cuidado. Em Lévinas, a consciência requer,"a priori," sensibilidade para acessar o Infinito no Rosto do Outro, que nos encontros face a face se apresenta ao Eu como Alteridade radical, propondo uma relação Ética pela transcendência. A liberdade do Eu quanto ao Outro é finita, porque dele não pode se apossar, e infinita pela sua responsabilidade pelo Outro. Considerações finais: O Eu constrói essência e existência na responsabilidade. Na Ética da Alteridade, em Lévinas, propõem-se reflexões que influenciem comportamentos sensíveis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Refletir sobre os comportamentos sensíveis dos profissionais em saúde indígena a partir da filosofia de Emmanuel Lévinas, para ratificar a integralidade, a equidade e a humanidade. Método: estudo reflexivo. Reflexão: Estudos têm identificado inadequações no atendimento às singularidades indígenas. Nos cenários hospitalar e ambulatorial, elas se diluem na busca por cuidados. A dificuldade dos profissionais em admiti-las gera conflitos e não adesão dos indígenas a tratamentos que desconsideram suas práticas de cuidado. Em Lévinas, a consciência requer,"a priori," sensibilidade para acessar o Infinito no Rosto do Outro, que nos encontros face a face se apresenta ao Eu como Alteridade radical, propondo uma relação Ética pela transcendência. A liberdade do Eu quanto ao Outro é finita, porque dele não pode se apossar, e infinita pela sua responsabilidade pelo Outro. Considerações finais: O Eu constrói essência e existência na responsabilidade. Na Ética da Alteridade, em Lévinas, propõem-se reflexões que influenciem comportamentos sensíveis.

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the sensitive behaviors of indigenous healthcare professionals based on the philosophy of Emmanuel Lévinas, to ratify completeness, equity, and humanity. Method: reflective study. Reflection: Studies have identified inadequacies in meeting the indigenous singularities. In the hospital and outpatient settings, they are diluted in the search for care. The difficulty of the professionals to admit them generates conflicts and non-adherence of indigenous individuals to treatments that disregard their care practices. In Lévinas, consciousness requires, "a priori," sensitivity to access the Infinity on the Face of the Other, which in the face-to-face encounters is presented to the Self as radical Alterity, proposing an Ethical relationship through transcendence. The freedom of the Self as to the Other is finite, as the Self cannot possess the Other, and infinite for its responsibility for the Other. Final considerations: The Self builds essence and existence in responsibility. In the Ethics of Alterity, in Lévinas, reflections are proposed that influence sensitive behaviors.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reflejar sobre los comportamientos sensibles de los profesionales en salud indígena desde la filosofía de Emmanuel Lévinas, para ratificar la integralidad, la equidad y la humanidad. Método: Estudio reflexivo. Reflejo: Estudios están identificando inadecuaciones en la atención a las singularidades indígenas. En los escenarios hospitalarios y de ambulatorios, ellas se diluyen en la búsqueda por cuidados. La dificultad de los profesionales en admitirlas genera conflictos y no aceptación de los indígenas a tratamientos que no consideran sus prácticas de cuidado. En Lévinas, la consciencia requiere, "a priori," sensibilidad para acceder el Infinito en el Rostro del Otro, que en los encuentros frente a frente se presenta al Yo como Alteridad radical, proponiendo una relación Ética por la transcendencia. La libertad del Yo cuanto al Otro es finita, porque de él no puede apropiarse, e infinita por su responsabilidad por el Otro. Consideraciones finales: El Yo construye la esencia y la existencia en la responsabilidad. En la Ética de la Alteridad, en Lévinas, se proponen reflejos que influencien los comportamientos sensibles.